IBU
IBU is a measurement used to estimate the bitterness of beer. It represents the concentration of bittering compounds—primarily iso-alpha acids derived from hops—present in the finished beer. The higher the IBU number, the more bitter a beer is likely to taste.
IBUs are measured on a numerical scale
that typically ranges from 0 to 100+, though most beers fall well below the upper end. Light lagers and wheat beers often sit under 20 IBUs, pale ales and IPAs commonly range from 30 to 70, and intensely hopped styles like Double or Triple IPAs can push higher. That said, IBUs are not a direct measure of perceived bitterness.
Perceived bitterness is influenced by balance.
Malt sweetness, alcohol content (ABV), body, yeast character, and even serving temperature all affect how bitter a beer actually tastes. A beer with high IBUs can taste smooth and balanced if it has enough malt backbone, while a lower-IBU beer may taste sharper if it’s dry or highly carbonated.
IBUs are most useful as a comparison tool, helping drinkers set expectations and brewers communicate intent. When building a beer flight, IBUs can help you sequence pours—from soft and subtle to bold and bitter—enhancing the overall tasting experience.
